肾母细胞瘤是小儿最常见的胚胎性恶性肿瘤，是小儿肾脏特有的肿瘤。１９８２年１１月～１９９１年１２月共收治小儿肾母细胞瘤２１例，随访１～５年，５年存活者７例，占本组病例的３３％；２年存活７例，存活率为３３％。重点讨论了肿瘤发病年龄与预后的关系、临床病理分期与预后的关系、应用化疗与预后的关系。 Wilms tumor is the most common embryonic malignancy in children and is a tumor specific to children and kidneys. From November 1982 to December 1991, 21 cases of pediatric nephroblastoma were treated. All the patients were followed up for 1 to 5 years. Seven of them survived in 5 years, accounting for 33% of the patients in this group. Seven patients survived in 2 years and the survival rate was 33 %. It focuses on the relationship between the age of onset of cancer and the prognosis, the relationship between clinical stage and prognosis, and the relationship between chemotherapy and prognosis.