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本文从三个方面分析了前苏联改革。(1)前苏联改革失误主要是决策随意,所通过的决议、法律不是巩固发展而是破坏经济、社会和文化。(2)苏共垮台的主要原因是党内没有民主化,党的上层领导蓄意、千方百计地搞垮党,党自身也有弱点。(3)前苏联解体的原因是不按经济规律办事,企业和科研机构的激励机制、制度有缺陷,煤矿工人罢工,民族问题,国家发展战略失误,上层领导任意违宪,西方因素,等等。
This article analyzes the reform of the former Soviet Union from three aspects. (1) The mistakes made in the reform in the former Soviet Union were mainly decisions that were arbitrarily made. The resolution passed, the law not to consolidate development but to undermine economic, social and cultural development. (2) The main reason for the collapse of the CPSU was the lack of democratization in the party, the deliberate intention of the party’s top leadership, and the failure of the party by every possible means. The party itself also has weaknesses. (3) The reason for the disintegration of the former Soviet Union is that it does not act according to economic laws. Incentives and systems of enterprises and research institutes are flawed. Coal mine workers strike, ethnic issues, national development strategy mistakes, unconstrained constitutionalism by the upper-level leadership, and Western factors.