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[目的]就上海市公众对职业病防治工作的看法、态度及相关法律、职业病防治知识的了解情况开展问卷调查,为上海市今后的职业卫生的工作重点和宣传明确方向。[方法]在全市范围选取人流密集的公共场所,采取方便抽样方法对7876人开展问卷调查,用χ2检验进行统计学分析。[结果]调查对象对《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》知晓情况较好,知晓率达95.9%。具有维权索赔意识的比例为95.7%;公众认为职业病防治工作主管部门应为政府(统领全市的领导机构)及卫生部门(具体事务主管部门);公众对职业病防治工作的评价较高,评价差的比例仅为8.7%,在职业病防治态度上,有53.5%的调查对象不知道自己工作岗位是否有职业危害因素;在职业病防治常识上,调查对象对酸碱等伤害处理常识、喷漆作业防护、电焊作业危害等方面掌握较差,男性对上述知识的知晓程度高于女性;随着年龄的增加,知晓率也呈现上升趋势,随着文化程度增高,职业病防护知识知晓率也相应增高。[结论]在今后开展职业病防治常识的健康教育中,应充分发挥社会、用人单位和个人三方的力量,针对不同文化层次、不同岗位的人群开展相应的普及宣教,将企业职业卫生培训与职业安全培训放在同等重要的地位;同时应针对重点职业危害、重点人群和重点行业开展以专业培训为主,形式多样的科学知识普及活动,提高劳动者的职业卫生知识知晓水平。
[Objective] To carry out a questionnaire survey on the public opinion on the work of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in Shanghai and their understanding of relevant laws and knowledge on occupational disease prevention and control so as to lay a clear direction for the future work priorities and publicity of occupational health in Shanghai. [Method] Selecting public places densely populated in the city and taking a convenient sampling method to carry on the questionnaire survey to 7876 people, using χ2 test to make statistical analysis. [Results] The respondents knew better about the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, with a rate of 95.9%. With a sense of claim for rights protection as 95.7%; the public think that the occupational disease prevention and control departments should be the government (leading the city’s leading agency) and the health department (specific affairs department); public evaluation of occupational disease prevention work is higher, the evaluation is poor The proportion of only 8.7%, occupational disease prevention and control attitude, 53.5% of the respondents do not know if they have occupational hazards in occupations; prevention and treatment of occupational diseases, the object of knowledge such as acid and alkali injury treatment, painting job protection, welding Job hazards and other aspects of mastery are poor, male awareness of the above-mentioned knowledge is higher than that of women; with increasing age, the awareness rate also showed an upward trend, with the increase of education, knowledge of occupational disease protection awareness also increased accordingly. [Conclusion] In the future health education on prevention and treatment of occupational diseases, we should give full play to the strength of society, employers and individuals to carry out the corresponding popularization of education for people of different cultural levels and different positions, and to integrate enterprise occupational health training and occupational safety Training should be given equal priority. At the same time, scientific knowledge popularization activities focusing on professional occupations, key population groups and key industries should be carried out with professional training as the mainstay, and workers’ occupational health knowledge awareness should be enhanced.