先天性肌性斜颈是小儿整形外科的代表性疾病之一。虽其病因和治疗方法尚未定论，但从临床实践中观察到90％病例在1岁半内可以自然治愈，仅少数重症病例需在1岁半以后适用手术治疗。从前的病因学说有分娩外伤学说（血肿学说）、胎内负荷学说，炎症学说、缺血学说、遗传学说、胎 Congenital muscular torticollis is one of the most common diseases in pediatric plastic surgery. Although its etiology and treatment have not yet been conclusive, it has been observed from clinical practice that 90% of cases can be naturally cured within 1 and a half years. Only a few severe cases require surgical treatment after 1 year and a half. Past etiology has traumatic theory (hematoma theory), intrauterine burden theory, inflammation theory, the theory of ischemia, genetic theory, fetal