一、前言自从1857年约瑟夫·莫尼(Josepll Monier)提出钢筋混凝土以来,混凝土工艺学有了很大的发展。在发展过程中,混凝土混合物的制备经历了流动性——塑性——干硬性(半干硬)——塑性——流动性的发展阶段。最初由于搅拌及捣实工艺的限制,不得不采用大水灰比、高用水量以获得流动性来浇筑混凝土。随着搅拌和捣实的机械化,转变到塑性混凝土的浇筑。由于强制拌和、振动压制、真空作业、以及离心工艺的完善, I. INTRODUCTION Since the proposed construction of reinforced concrete by Josep Mon Monier in 1857, there has been a great development in concrete technology. In the development process, the preparation of concrete mixture has undergone a fluidity - plastic - dry hard (semi-hard) - plastic - the development stage of liquidity. Initially due to mixing and tamping process limitations, had to use a large water-cement ratio, high water consumption to obtain liquidity to pour concrete. With the mechanization of mixing and tamping, the casting of plastic concrete was transformed. Due to forced mixing, vibration suppression, vacuum operations, and the improvement of the centrifugal process,