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古汉语中的“所”字,使用的次数较多,然而对于它的词性和语法功能认识不一,分歧颇大。有的语法书上称“所”为助词,有的则称为特殊指示代词。对“所”的认识应当从语法功能上来分析,把它归为指示性代词一类,还是较为妥当的。 一、“所”作为指示代饲的特殊性和其内部结构 所字,《说文解字》说“伐木声也”。段玉裁注说文也说,伐木声为本义,处所之所为假借义,“用为分别之词者,此引申义也”。他们的说法未必正确,所的本义应是处所之所,战国盟书所作,一看即为人处山崖之处的形状。因此说“所”字是实词,且为名词。
In ancient Chinese, the word “所” was used more frequently, however, its understanding of the part of speech and grammatical functions was quite different. Some grammatical books said “as” auxiliary words, while others are called special instructions pronouns. The understanding of “所 所” should be analyzed from the grammatical function, it is more appropriate to classify it as an indicative pronoun. First, “the” as an indication of the particularity of the substitution and its internal structure of the word, “Shuowen Jiezi” that “logging sound too.” Duan Yu cut said that the text is also said that logging sound is the original meaning of the premises for the false meaning, “used as the respective words, this extended meaning also.” Their views may not be correct, the original meaning should be the premises of the warring States made by the League of Nations, a look that is where people sit in the shape of the cliff. So say “所” is the real word, and as a noun.