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马克西姆·高尔基(1868-1936)原名阿列克谢·马克西莫维奇·彼什科夫,一八六八年八月二十八日生于俄国中部尼日尼·诺夫戈罗德(今高尔基城)的一个细木工家庭,四岁丧父,便寄居到开染坊的外祖父家,只读到小学三年级便被迫辍学。十一岁走向“人间”独立谋生,在黑暗的社会底层,做各种苦工杂役。一八八四年他到了喀山,想进大学,贫民窟却成了他的“社会大学”。这期间,他接触了俄国早期的马克思主义者,阅读了《共产党宣言》、《资本论》等马克思主义著作。十九世纪八十年代末和九十年代初,高尔基怀着了解俄国的强烈愿望,两次漫游了俄国。一八九二年,高尔基在《高加索
Maxim Gorky (1868-1936), formerly Alexei Maximovich Bischoff, was born on August 28, 1868 in central Russia, (Now Gorky City), a joinery family, lost his father by the age of four, dwells to the grandfather’s home in Karay Square and is forced to drop out of school until he or she is only in third grade. At the age of eleven, he goes to “the world” to make a living by himself and makes various hard labor at the bottom of the dark society. When he arrived in Kazan in 1884 and wanted to go to university, the slums became his “social university.” During this period, he contacted the early Marxists in Russia and read Marxist writings such as the Manifesto of the Communist Party and Capital. In the late 1880s and early 1990s, Gorky roamed Russia twice with a strong desire to understand Russia. In 1892 Gorky was in the "Caucasus