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目的了解北京市昌平地区城镇与农村3~6岁集体儿童体质状况,为更好的开展幼儿体格锻炼工作提供科学依据。方法按照分层整群抽样原则,对1 356名3~6岁儿童进行体质测试,并对结果进行分析。结果体格发育状况城镇儿童好于农村儿童。体能素质总体发展为随着年龄增长而增强,男童优于女童,城镇儿童优于农村儿童。男童在灵敏度、爆发力、力量、平衡能力方面均优于女童,女童在协调性和柔韧性方面优于男童。城镇儿童在爆发力、协调性、平衡能力方面优于农村儿童,农村儿童在灵敏度和柔韧性方面优于城镇儿童,3岁、4岁城镇儿童在上肢力量方面优于农村儿童,但在5岁、6岁两个年龄组农村儿童优于城镇儿童。结论针对3~6岁集体儿童所在地区和性别差异,应结合其体格发育特点进行科学有效的体格锻炼,促进儿童健康成长。
Objective To understand the constitutional status of children aged 3-6 in urban and rural areas in Changping District of Beijing, and to provide a scientific basis for better physical exercise in infants. Methods According to the principle of stratified cluster sampling, 1 356 children aged 3-6 years were tested for physical fitness and the results were analyzed. Results Physical development status Urban children are better than rural children. Physical fitness overall developed to increase with age, boys outperform girls and urban children outperform rural children. Boys outperformed girls in terms of sensitivity, power, strength and balance, and girls outperformed boys in terms of coordination and flexibility. Children in urban areas outperformed rural children in terms of explosiveness, coordination and balance ability. Rural children were superior to urban children in sensitivity and flexibility, and urban children aged 3 and 4 were superior to rural children in upper limb strength. However, at the age of 5, Rural children in both age groups of 6 and 6 are better than urban children. Conclusions Aiming at the differences of sex and age of 3 ~ 6 year old group children, we should carry out scientific and effective physical exercise according to the physical development characteristics and promote the healthy growth of children.