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为了研究露天煤矿开采形成的废弃地对生态环境的影响,以阜新海州露天煤矿排土场作为研究对象,选取了36个采样点。首先测量了采样点土壤的反射光谱,然后在各点采集土壤样品并分析其特性参数。对36个采样点土壤样本的全氮、pH值、有机质和电导率等7个参数与光谱反射率进行相关性分析,得出:pH值与光谱反射率正相关,全氮、有机质、速效磷与反射率负相关;在600 nm红色波段之后pH值、有机质和全氮的相关系数较高;土样的速效氮、速效磷、速效钾及电导率与光谱反射率之间没有明显的相关性。在光谱分析基础上,利用SPOT5遥感影像相应波段灰度值建立了pH值、有机质、全氮等土壤参数的预测方程,获得了较高的精度。以上结果表明:可以用光谱反射率数据和遥感影像对废弃地土壤特征进行定量分析,为植被恢复提供决策数据。
In order to study the impact of wasteland formed by the open-pit coal mining on the ecological environment, 36 sampling points were selected from the open-pit coal mine dump in Fuxin Haizhou. First, the soil reflectance spectrum was measured, and then soil samples were collected at various points and analyzed for their characteristic parameters. The correlation analysis of spectral reflectance with total nitrogen, pH value, organic matter and conductivity of soil samples from 36 sampling sites showed that there was a positive correlation between pH and spectral reflectance, total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorus And negatively correlated with the reflectance. There was a high correlation coefficient between organic matter and total nitrogen after 600 nm red band. There was no significant correlation between soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and conductivity and spectral reflectance . Based on the spectral analysis, the prediction equations of soil parameters such as pH, organic matter, total nitrogen and so on were established by using the gray value of the corresponding band of SPOT5 remote sensing imagery to obtain higher accuracy. The above results show that spectral reflectance data and remote sensing images can be used to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of abandoned soil so as to provide decision data for vegetation restoration.