目的了解家庭因素和同伴因素对武汉市中等职业院校学生吸烟行为的影响,为制定吸烟行为的预防干预策略提供依据。方法采用立意抽样方法,从武汉市中等职业学校中抽取三所学校,对其中一、二年级的学生全部进行调查。结果共2 354人接受问卷调查,武汉市中等职业院校学生尝试吸烟率为23.8%,现在吸烟率为18.6%,不同年龄和性别吸烟率差异有统计学意义(均有P<0.05);单因素分析发现,平均月花费、父母监管、家庭冲突、亲近关系、家族中吸烟比例、朋友中吸烟比例、朋友对你吸烟态度等对吸烟行为均有影响(均有P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟行为与性别、年龄、平均学习成绩、平均月花费、父母监管、亲近关系、朋友中吸烟比例有关(均有P<0.05)。结论中等职业院校学生控烟工作需要加强,提高父母监管技能,强化亲近关系和控制同伴影响有助于减少中等职业院校学生的吸烟行为。 Objective To understand the influence of family factors and companion factors on the smoking behavior of students in secondary vocational schools in Wuhan, and to provide basis for making preventive intervention strategies for smoking behaviors. Methods Using the method of deliberate sampling, three schools were selected from secondary vocational schools in Wuhan, and all the students in one and two years were investigated. Results A total of 2 354 students were surveyed. The smoking prevalence rate among secondary vocational school students in Wuhan was 23.8%, and the current smoking rate was 18.6%. There were significant differences in smoking rates among different age and sex groups (all P <0.05). Single Factors analysis showed that average monthly spend, parental supervision, family conflict, close relationship, family smoking proportion, smoking proportion in friends, friends on your smoking attitude have an impact on smoking behavior (all P <0.05); multivariate Logistic Regression analysis showed that smoking behavior was related to sex, age, average academic record, average monthly cost, parental supervision, close relationship and smoking among friends (all P <0.05). Conclusions Students in secondary vocational schools need to step up their efforts in tobacco control. Improving parents’ supervisory skills, strengthening close relationship and controlling peer influence will help to reduce the smoking behavior among students in secondary vocational schools.