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目的了解空中交通管制员(ATC)职业紧张状况,分析其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法,以某空中交通管理局的489名ATC为调查对象,采用工作内容问卷(JCQ)和付出-回报失衡问卷(ERI)分别进行工作要求-自主失衡型和自感付出-回报失衡型职业紧张程度调查,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果 89.57%(438/489)的ATC存在工作要求-自主失衡型职业紧张;38.00%(186/489)的ATC存在自感付出-回报失衡型职业紧张。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、职称、个人月收入、工龄、工作岗位、对定期训练的看法、发生突发事件、发生不安全事件和睡眠时间等因素对ATC的JCQ和ERI的不同因子得分存在不同程度的影响(P<0.05),但仅个人月收入、工作岗位、对定期训练的看法和发生不安全事件对ATC的JCQ总分有影响(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,中/高级职称ATC的工作要求-自主失衡型职业紧张程度低于初级职称者(P<0.05),但其自感付出-回报失衡型职业紧张程度分别高于见习和初级职称者(P<0.05);塔台岗位ATC上述2种模式的职业紧张程度均高于区域岗位ATC(P<0.05),进近岗位ATC自感付出-回报失衡型职业紧张程度高于区域岗位ATC(P<0.01);认为定期训练弊大于利的ATC上述2种模式的职业紧张程度均高于认为定期训练利大于弊或利弊均衡的ATC(P<0.01);ATC的睡眠时间越短者越容易产生自感付出-回报失衡型职业紧张(P<0.01)。结论 ATC职业紧张程度较高,其主要影响因素包括工作岗位、职称、定期训练和睡眠时间。
Objective To understand the occupational stress in Air Traffic Controllers (ATC) and analyze its influential factors. Methods A total of 489 ATCs of a certain Air Traffic Control Authority (TACA) were investigated by cluster sampling method. The questionnaire (JCQ) and pay-return imbalance questionnaire (ERI) Return imbalance occupational stress survey, and analyze its influencing factors. Results There were 89.57% (438/489) ATC work requirements - autonomic imbalance occupational stress; 38.00% (186/489) ATC there is self-inductance pay-return imbalance occupational stress. Univariate analysis revealed the presence of scores for different factors of ATC for JCQ and ERI for age, job title, monthly personal income, length of service, job title, perception of regular training, occurrence of emergencies, occurrence of unsafe incidents and sleep time (P <0.05). However, only individual monthly income, work position, regular training and unsafe events had an impact on the JCQ score of ATC (P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that job requirements of medium / senior level ATC were lower than those with junior titles (P <0.05), but the self-inducing-return imbalance occupational stress was higher than that of trainees (P <0.05). The occupational stress of the above two modes of ATC in ATCC was higher than that of ATC (P <0.05), and that of ATC was higher than ATC ATC (P <0.01). The occupational stress in the above two modes, which considered regular training more harm than good, was higher than that of ATC (P <0.01), which considered regular training more advantages or less than healthy ones. Shorter sleep time The more likely to have to pay for themselves - return imbalance occupational stress (P <0.01). Conclusions ATC occupational stress is high, the main influencing factors include job, professional title, regular training and sleep time.