Objective:To explore the changes of lateral geniculate body and visual cortex in monocular strabismus and form deprived amblyopic rat, and visual development plastic stage and visual plasticity in adult rats.Methods:A total of60SD rats ages13 d were randomly divided intoA, B,C three groups with20 in each group, groupA was set as the normal control group without any processing, groupB was strabismus amblyopic group, using the unilateral extraocular rectus resection to establish the strabismus amblyopia model, groupC was monocular form deprivation amblyopia group using unilateral eyelid edge resection+ lid suture.At visual developmental early phase(P25), meta phase(P35), late phase(P45) and adult phase(P120), the lateral geniculate body and visual cortex area17 of five rats in each group were exacted forC-fosImmunocytochemistry. Neuron morphological changes in lateral geniculate body and visual cortex was observed, the positive neurons differences ofC-fos expression induced by light stimulation was measured in each group, and the condition of radiation development ofP120 amblyopic adult rats was observed.Results:In groupsB andC,C-fos positive cells were significantly lower thanthe control group atP25(P<0.05), there was no statistical difference ofC-fos protein positive cells between groupB and groupA(P>0.05),C-fos protein positive cells level of groupB was significantly lower than that of groupA(P<0.05).The binoculusC-fos protein positive cells level of groupsB andC were significantly higher than that of control group atP35,P45 andP120 with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusions:The increasing ofC-fos expression in geniculate body and visual cortex neurons of adult amblyopia suggests the visual cortex neurons exist a certain degree of visual plasticity.