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分析国有企业亏损的成因,探寻提高国有企业经营效益的途径,是一个迫切需要解决的问题。 一、国有企业效益不佳的成因 1.体制转轨的原因。我国经济体制近20年的改革,旧的体制逐渐失去它原有的作用,新的经济体制已经开始推行,但尚未完全建立健全。在这种特殊时期,新旧两种体制之间往往发生摩擦和冲突。比如,政企不分,条块分割的问题,“拨改贷”的问题等等。是造成企业经营困难的重要原因。 2.企业技术设备落后,产品在市场上竞争力差,不合理的库存形成死滞资金。目前国有企业达到国际先进技术水平的不足20％,大多数还处于60—70年代的技术水平。少数企业是40—50年代的水平,这种落后的技术装备状况,不可避免的使许多国有企业的产品质量差、能耗大、成本高,市场竞争力差,从而形成大量积压产品,影响企业资金的循环周转,造成企业效益低下。
Analysis of the causes of the losses of state-owned enterprises and exploring ways to improve the operating efficiency of state-owned enterprises are an urgent issue to be solved. First, the causes of poor performance of state-owned enterprises 1. System reasons for the transition. In the past 20 years of reform in our economic system, the old system has gradually lost its original role. The new economic system has already started to be implemented but has not yet been fully established. During this special period, conflicts and conflicts often occur between the two systems. For example, regardless of the division of government and enterprises, the issue of segmentation, “change credit” issue and so on. Is caused by the difficulties of business management is an important reason. 2. Enterprises backward technology and equipment, products in the market competitiveness is poor, irrational stock formation stagflation funds. At present, state-owned enterprises have reached the international advanced level of less than 20%, most of which are still at the technical level of the 1960s-1970s. A small number of enterprises are at the level of the 40-50 years. Such a backward technological equipment situation inevitably makes many state-owned enterprises have poor product quality, high energy consumption, high costs and poor market competitiveness, resulting in a large backlog of products that affect enterprises Circulation of funds, resulting in low efficiency of enterprises.