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目的为新型肱骨内固定器的设计和应用提供解剖学依据。方法解剖20具40侧成人上肢标本,观察腋神经、桡神经的走形及测量与相关骨性标志的距离,同时选取成人干燥肱骨标本30根,测量肱骨上段相关直径及周长,计算相关的最佳弧度。结果肱骨最大长(30.21±0.22)cm;大结节至腋神经距离(5.48±0.09)cm;大结节至三角肌粗隆距离(12.80±0.13)cm;肱骨最近端至肱骨肌管入口及出口分别为(16.10±0.27)cm、(21.04±0.26)cm;肱骨上段最佳弧度(3.90±0.03)rad。结论新型肱骨内固定物当其弧段部的弧度达到3.9rad时,能达到很好的服帖,且有效地避免桡神经损伤的发生率。
Objective To provide an anatomical basis for the design and application of a new type of humeral internal fixator. Methods Forty adults with 40 adult upper extremities were dissected and the axillary and radial nerves were observed. The distance between them and the related signs of bone was measured. 30 specimens of adult humerus were selected to measure the relative diameter and perimeter of the upper humerus. Best radian Results The maximum length of the humerus was (30.21 ± 0.22) cm, the distance from the tuberosity to the axillary nerve was (5.48 ± 0.09) cm, and the distance from the tuberosity to the deltoid muscle was (12.80 ± 0.13) cm. The exit angles were (16.10 ± 0.27) cm and (21.04 ± 0.26) cm respectively. The best radian of the upper humerus was (3.90 ± 0.03) rad. Conclusion The new type of humerus internal fixator can reach a good position when the radian of its arc segment reaches 3.9 rad, and can effectively avoid the occurrence of radial nerve injury.