论文部分内容阅读
在近几年的中考英语试题中,日常交际用语所占的比例越来越大｡这类试题大多考查各种交际情景下的习惯表达法或省略结构｡为了帮助同学们备战2007年的中考,本文拟结合近几年的中考英语试题,对英语情景交际中的省略问题作一归纳,希望对考生有所帮助｡(中考题例中下加横线的备选项为正确答案｡)
一､ 语境省略
在日常会话､打电话､请求､祝愿､感叹等不同交际情境中,交际者往往只突出要表达的主要意思的词语,省略次要的或与前面重复的词语｡例如:
1. —Where are you going? 你打算去哪儿?
—(I’m going) To attend a lecture. 我打算参加一个讲演｡
2. —Hello, is that Wang Ping? 喂,是王萍吗?
—(This is) Wang Ping speaking. 我是王萍｡
3. (Pass me) The pen please. 请把钢笔给我｡
[中考题例]
1. —What a nice day! Let’s go for a picnic on the beach together.
— ______.
A. Goodbye B. Good idea
C. Good job D. Good day(2006年杭州市)
2. —What’s your favorite subject, Mike?
—______ . It’s interesting.
A. Toys B. Math C. T-shirts D. E-mail
(2006年北京市)
3. —How long has Eliza been a nurse?
—______ .
A. Since 2002 B. Four years ago C. In 2002(2006年長沙市)
4. —Hello! Is that Smith?
—Smith______.
A. speaking B. saying C. talking(2004年武汉市)
5. —I did quite well in the school sports meeting.
—______ .
A. Congratulations! B. Don’t worry.
C. That’s all right.(2005年重庆市)
6. —I am going to have a trip to Hezhou after the exam.
—Really?______!
A. Have a nice time B. Congratulations
C. It’s nice of you D. OK(2005年贺州市)
7. —Our school basketball team lost the game last week.
—______ .
A. Good luck. B. Well done!
C. I’m glad to hear that. D. What a pity!(2006年合肥市)
二､ 替代省略
替代省略是用特定的词语替代要重复的词语的一种省略形式,通常有以下几种替代方式｡
1) 用 do, be以及情态动词或助动词替代要重复的动词及其后面的宾语､表语､状语或其它成分｡例如:
—Do you like Chinese food?你喜欢中国的食物吗?
—Yes, I do (=I like Chinese food).是的,我喜欢｡
[中考题例]
1. —Don’t you think Hong Zhanhui is the boy who moves China?
—______ . We must 1earn from him.
A. Yes,I do B. No,I don’t
C. Yes, I hope so D. No,I’m not sure(2006年泰州市)
2. —He is often late for school, isn’t he?
—______ . He always goes to school earlier than others.
A. Yes, he is B. No, he isn’t
C. Yes, of course D. No, sometimes(2006年南通市)
3. —Have you heard from your sister yet?
—______ . No news is good news.
A. Yes, I have B. I don’t mind
C. No problem D. No, I haven’t(2005年黑龙江省课改)
2) 用替代词so与think, hope, call, believe, expect, suppose, do 等动词或 be afraid搭配,替代其后一个表示肯定意义的宾语或宾语从句｡
[中考题例]
1. —Emma has been ill for a week. Is she all right now?
—______ . The teacher says she can come to school tomorrow.
A. I think so B. That’s it
C. I’m afraid not D. That’s true(2006年宜昌市)
2. —Is Mrs Black really badly ill?
—______ . She’s in hospital.
A. I don’t think so B. No, he isn’t
C. I don’t hope so D. I’m afraid so(2004年重庆市)
3. —Do you think the rain will stop tomorrow?
—______ . It has rained for half a month. It’s too wet.
A. I hope that B. I’m sure it will
C. I’m afraid it will D. I hope so(2004年山西省)
3) 将 not 放在某些动词或 be afraid, perhaps, probably等词语之后,替代其后面的一个表示否定意义的从句｡例如:
—Is there going to be a sports meeting next week? 下周开运动会吗?
—I suppose not (=there isn’t a sports meeting next week). 我想不会开运动会｡
—Is he coming today? 他今天要来吗?
—Perhaps not(=Perhaps he isn’t coming today). 或许不会来｡
4) 用 to 替代要重复的动词不定式(短语)｡例如:
You may ask me some questions if you want to. 如果你想问问题就可以问｡
I’ll go to his birthday party if he invites me to. 如果他邀請我,我会去参加他的生日聚会的｡
[中考题例]
—Would you like to go out for a walk with us?
—______ , but I must write a letter to my pen friend now.
A. Of course not B. That’s all right
C. I’d love to D. Yes, I do(2006年宁波市)
三､ 惯用省略
用特定的惯用句式表示重复前面句子的内容,在中考英语试题中通常以下面三种形式命题｡
1) 若两个句子的主语相同,前面的句子是肯定句,而后面的句子重复前面句子的内容时,用“so + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”的形式｡
2) 若两个句子的主语不相同,前面的句子是肯定句,而后面的句子重复前面句子的内容时,用“so + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”的形式｡
3) 若两个句子的主语不相同,前面的句子是否定句,当后面的句子重复前面句子的内容时,用“neither/nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”的形式｡例如:
1. —It was cold yesterday. 昨天很冷｡
—So it was. 昨天的确很冷｡
2. —He has finished his homework. 他做完了他的家庭作业｡
—So have I. 我也做完了我的家庭作业｡
3. Henry didn’t go to church， nor did his sister. 亨利没有去做礼拜,他的妹妹也没有去｡
[中考题例]
1. —You have made great progress in English.
—______ . That’s why I got an A in the English exam.
A. So I have B. So have I
C. So I do D. So do I(2006年河南省)
2. —I usually go to school on foot. And you?
—______ .
A. So do I B. So I have
C. Nor do I D. Neither have I(2006年合肥市)
3. —Peter doesn’t know much French.
—______ .
A. So do I B. So am I
C. Neither do I D. Neither am I(2005年山东省)
仿真训练:
1. —How is everything?
—______ .
A. Very well, thank you B. Not too bad
C. I’m all right, thanks D. Not at all
2. —Is Professor Tate very sick?
—I’m afraid______.
A. so B. this C. to D. that
3. —Peter fell off a tall tree. I think his leg is broken.
—Oh! I______.
A. do not hope to B. do not hope
C. hope not so D. hope not
4. —Shall I wake you up tomorrow?
—Yes,______.
A. please do B. you shall
C. you will D. you may
5.______, I’ll tell you what to do.
A. If necessary B. It is necessary
C. Necessary D. If it necessary
6. John: Do you happen to have twenty dollars with you?
Jack:______?
John: I want to buy a notebook.
A. How do you want to buy B. How much
C. What for D. When can you pay me back
7. —Do you mind my taking this seat?
—______ .
A. Yes, sit down, please B. No, of course not
C. Yes, take it, please D. No, you can’t take it
8. —Do you follow me?
—Yes,______.
A. it is good B. I will C. perfectly D. very good
9. —Don’t forget to take your dictionary to school when you go to school.
—______ .
A. I’ll take it B. I don’t take it C. I won’t D. I shall
10. —Will you stay for lunch?
—Sorry,______. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
11. —Hello, is Zhang Hua in?
—______ .
A. I speak B. I am C. I’m in D. Speaking
12. —Good morning, Grand Hotel.______
—Hello, I’d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th.
A. What can I do for you? B. Just a minute, please.
C. What?
13. —Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
—I______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
14. —John won the championship in the tennis match.
—______ .
A. So he did B. So did he C. So he did, too D. So he does
15. —Someone took my letter away.
—Well, I didn’t and______ Alice.
A. neither did B. nor did
C. neither was D. nor was
Key: 1-5 BADAA6-10 CBCCB11-15 DACAA
一､ 语境省略
在日常会话､打电话､请求､祝愿､感叹等不同交际情境中,交际者往往只突出要表达的主要意思的词语,省略次要的或与前面重复的词语｡例如:
1. —Where are you going? 你打算去哪儿?
—(I’m going) To attend a lecture. 我打算参加一个讲演｡
2. —Hello, is that Wang Ping? 喂,是王萍吗?
—(This is) Wang Ping speaking. 我是王萍｡
3. (Pass me) The pen please. 请把钢笔给我｡
[中考题例]
1. —What a nice day! Let’s go for a picnic on the beach together.
— ______.
A. Goodbye B. Good idea
C. Good job D. Good day(2006年杭州市)
2. —What’s your favorite subject, Mike?
—______ . It’s interesting.
A. Toys B. Math C. T-shirts D. E-mail
(2006年北京市)
3. —How long has Eliza been a nurse?
—______ .
A. Since 2002 B. Four years ago C. In 2002(2006年長沙市)
4. —Hello! Is that Smith?
—Smith______.
A. speaking B. saying C. talking(2004年武汉市)
5. —I did quite well in the school sports meeting.
—______ .
A. Congratulations! B. Don’t worry.
C. That’s all right.(2005年重庆市)
6. —I am going to have a trip to Hezhou after the exam.
—Really?______!
A. Have a nice time B. Congratulations
C. It’s nice of you D. OK(2005年贺州市)
7. —Our school basketball team lost the game last week.
—______ .
A. Good luck. B. Well done!
C. I’m glad to hear that. D. What a pity!(2006年合肥市)
二､ 替代省略
替代省略是用特定的词语替代要重复的词语的一种省略形式,通常有以下几种替代方式｡
1) 用 do, be以及情态动词或助动词替代要重复的动词及其后面的宾语､表语､状语或其它成分｡例如:
—Do you like Chinese food?你喜欢中国的食物吗?
—Yes, I do (=I like Chinese food).是的,我喜欢｡
[中考题例]
1. —Don’t you think Hong Zhanhui is the boy who moves China?
—______ . We must 1earn from him.
A. Yes,I do B. No,I don’t
C. Yes, I hope so D. No,I’m not sure(2006年泰州市)
2. —He is often late for school, isn’t he?
—______ . He always goes to school earlier than others.
A. Yes, he is B. No, he isn’t
C. Yes, of course D. No, sometimes(2006年南通市)
3. —Have you heard from your sister yet?
—______ . No news is good news.
A. Yes, I have B. I don’t mind
C. No problem D. No, I haven’t(2005年黑龙江省课改)
2) 用替代词so与think, hope, call, believe, expect, suppose, do 等动词或 be afraid搭配,替代其后一个表示肯定意义的宾语或宾语从句｡
[中考题例]
1. —Emma has been ill for a week. Is she all right now?
—______ . The teacher says she can come to school tomorrow.
A. I think so B. That’s it
C. I’m afraid not D. That’s true(2006年宜昌市)
2. —Is Mrs Black really badly ill?
—______ . She’s in hospital.
A. I don’t think so B. No, he isn’t
C. I don’t hope so D. I’m afraid so(2004年重庆市)
3. —Do you think the rain will stop tomorrow?
—______ . It has rained for half a month. It’s too wet.
A. I hope that B. I’m sure it will
C. I’m afraid it will D. I hope so(2004年山西省)
3) 将 not 放在某些动词或 be afraid, perhaps, probably等词语之后,替代其后面的一个表示否定意义的从句｡例如:
—Is there going to be a sports meeting next week? 下周开运动会吗?
—I suppose not (=there isn’t a sports meeting next week). 我想不会开运动会｡
—Is he coming today? 他今天要来吗?
—Perhaps not(=Perhaps he isn’t coming today). 或许不会来｡
4) 用 to 替代要重复的动词不定式(短语)｡例如:
You may ask me some questions if you want to. 如果你想问问题就可以问｡
I’ll go to his birthday party if he invites me to. 如果他邀請我,我会去参加他的生日聚会的｡
[中考题例]
—Would you like to go out for a walk with us?
—______ , but I must write a letter to my pen friend now.
A. Of course not B. That’s all right
C. I’d love to D. Yes, I do(2006年宁波市)
三､ 惯用省略
用特定的惯用句式表示重复前面句子的内容,在中考英语试题中通常以下面三种形式命题｡
1) 若两个句子的主语相同,前面的句子是肯定句,而后面的句子重复前面句子的内容时,用“so + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”的形式｡
2) 若两个句子的主语不相同,前面的句子是肯定句,而后面的句子重复前面句子的内容时,用“so + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”的形式｡
3) 若两个句子的主语不相同,前面的句子是否定句,当后面的句子重复前面句子的内容时,用“neither/nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”的形式｡例如:
1. —It was cold yesterday. 昨天很冷｡
—So it was. 昨天的确很冷｡
2. —He has finished his homework. 他做完了他的家庭作业｡
—So have I. 我也做完了我的家庭作业｡
3. Henry didn’t go to church， nor did his sister. 亨利没有去做礼拜,他的妹妹也没有去｡
[中考题例]
1. —You have made great progress in English.
—______ . That’s why I got an A in the English exam.
A. So I have B. So have I
C. So I do D. So do I(2006年河南省)
2. —I usually go to school on foot. And you?
—______ .
A. So do I B. So I have
C. Nor do I D. Neither have I(2006年合肥市)
3. —Peter doesn’t know much French.
—______ .
A. So do I B. So am I
C. Neither do I D. Neither am I(2005年山东省)
仿真训练:
1. —How is everything?
—______ .
A. Very well, thank you B. Not too bad
C. I’m all right, thanks D. Not at all
2. —Is Professor Tate very sick?
—I’m afraid______.
A. so B. this C. to D. that
3. —Peter fell off a tall tree. I think his leg is broken.
—Oh! I______.
A. do not hope to B. do not hope
C. hope not so D. hope not
4. —Shall I wake you up tomorrow?
—Yes,______.
A. please do B. you shall
C. you will D. you may
5.______, I’ll tell you what to do.
A. If necessary B. It is necessary
C. Necessary D. If it necessary
6. John: Do you happen to have twenty dollars with you?
Jack:______?
John: I want to buy a notebook.
A. How do you want to buy B. How much
C. What for D. When can you pay me back
7. —Do you mind my taking this seat?
—______ .
A. Yes, sit down, please B. No, of course not
C. Yes, take it, please D. No, you can’t take it
8. —Do you follow me?
—Yes,______.
A. it is good B. I will C. perfectly D. very good
9. —Don’t forget to take your dictionary to school when you go to school.
—______ .
A. I’ll take it B. I don’t take it C. I won’t D. I shall
10. —Will you stay for lunch?
—Sorry,______. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
11. —Hello, is Zhang Hua in?
—______ .
A. I speak B. I am C. I’m in D. Speaking
12. —Good morning, Grand Hotel.______
—Hello, I’d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th.
A. What can I do for you? B. Just a minute, please.
C. What?
13. —Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
—I______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
14. —John won the championship in the tennis match.
—______ .
A. So he did B. So did he C. So he did, too D. So he does
15. —Someone took my letter away.
—Well, I didn’t and______ Alice.
A. neither did B. nor did
C. neither was D. nor was
Key: 1-5 BADAA6-10 CBCCB11-15 DACAA