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调查农田施肥现状可为深入了解施肥中存在的问题、进一步完善测土配方施肥工作提供科学依据。通过对建德市31块定位农田连续5年的肥料结构跟踪监测,比较分析了8类农作系统农田的氮、磷、钾施用情况。结果表明,该市农田肥料的投入量因种植方式、农户等的不同有较大的差异,氮、磷、钾纯量的年总投入量在219.45~1526.55 kg/hm2之间变化,平均为734.70 kg/hm2;部分农田存在超量施用肥料的现象。有机肥的施用量呈现增加趋势,其对农田氮、磷、钾养分投入总量的贡献平均约为10.89%;投入肥料中氮:磷:钾平均比例大致为1:0.6:0.6。经济作物的肥料施用量明显高于粮食作物,且有机肥及磷、钾肥被优先施于经济作物中。目前建德市在有机肥与化肥配合施用及氮磷钾施用比例方面还不尽合理,建议继续加大力度推广施用有机肥,增加粮食作物农田中磷、钾肥及有机肥的施用,以全面提升耕地地力。
Investigating the status of farmland fertilization can provide a scientific basis for further understanding of problems existing in fertilization and further perfecting soil testing and fertilizer application. Through the follow-up and monitoring of fertilizer structure of 31 locating farmlands in Jiande City for five consecutive years, the application situation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in farmland of 8 types of farming systems was comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the input amount of farmland fertilizers in this city was greatly different due to different planting methods and farmer households. The annual total input of pure nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium varied between 219.45 and 1526.55 kg / hm2, with an average of 734.70 kg / hm2; some farmland over-fertilization phenomenon. The application rate of organic fertilizer showed an increasing trend, which contributed about 10.89% to the total input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in farmland. The average ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus: potassium in input fertilizer was about 1: 0.6: 0.6. The economic crop fertilizer application was significantly higher than food crops, and organic fertilizer and phosphorus, potassium fertilizer is given priority in cash crops. At present, Jiande City, in the application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers and the proportion of NPK fertilization is not yet reasonable, it is recommended to continue to step up efforts to promote the use of organic manure and increase the application of phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer in the crop of agricultural crops to enhance the overall Cultivated land fertility.