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研究表明区域地应力场会影响火山岩脉群分布及火山口排列。通常情况下火山口排列和岩脉群延伸方向与火山喷发时区域最大水平主应力方向平行,与最小水平主应力垂直。对于应力实测困难的火山区,利用火山口排列模式反演区域地应力场,对于构造应力场分析非常有用。本文从火山口排列调查法的研究现状、具体方法和案例对国内外相关文献进行了整理总结。火山口排列调查法反演地应力的关键两步:①利用遥感图像和DEM提取有效参数作火山区域构造图;②根据火山口年代和延伸性作线性处理。国外已对该方法开展了较全面的研究,因此值得对该类方法归纳整理,应用在国内典型火山群的古应力场反演,补充中国大陆应力环境数据库。
The research shows that the regional geostress field will influence the distribution of volcanic veins and the arrangement of volcano crater. Normally, the crater arrangement and dikes extend parallel to the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress in volcanic eruptions and perpendicular to the minimum horizontal principal stress. For volcanic areas where stress measurement is difficult, using the crater alignment model to retrieve regional geostress fields is very useful for tectonic stress field analysis. In this paper, the research status quo of craters survey method is summarized, and specific methods and cases are summarized. The key two steps of inversion of geostress in the investigation of crater alignment are as follows: (1) Use of remote sensing images and DEM to extract effective parameters for tectonic map of volcanic area; (2) Linear treatment according to crater age and extensibility. This method has been studied abroad more comprehensively. Therefore, it is worth to summarize this kind of method and use the paleo-stress field inversion of the typical volcanic group in China to supplement the stress environment database of China.