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一幢古老建筑可以有多方面的价值。它可以有实用价值.还能住人;可以有经济价值,还卖得出一笔钱;可以有情感寄托价值.引起一些人的怀念之心。这些价值都不稳定.随着时代的变迁.文化的发展.它们都会渐渐降低甚至消失。但它有一种价值是不会降低和消失的.那就是历史认识价值.它们的艺术价值和科学价值.也主要是在艺术史和科学史的框架里体现。就是说.古老建筑都携带着历史信息.而这信息的价值只会随时代的变迁而越来越强。一幢古老建筑.当它携带的历史信息比较丰富.独特.在所有历史信息的系统中占有重要的甚至不可或缺的地位时.它就可以被审定为文物建筑。这就是说.决定一幢古建筑能不能成为文物建筑并确定它在文物建筑大系中地位的不是它的使用价值.经济价值.而主要是它的历史认识价值.也就是它作为历史的实物见证的价值。作为史书,一座北京故宫.让你读懂封建大帝国的君主专制制度.一座江南村落.让你读懂宗法制度下的农耕文明。它们的生动.具体、形象.细致.超过任何一本别的史书。这就是文物建筑的基本价值。
An old building can have many values. It can have practical value. It can also live in people; it can have economic value, but also sells a sum of money; it can have emotional value. It brings people’s heart to remember. These values are unstable. With the changes of the times, the development of culture, they will gradually reduce or even disappear. But it has a value that will not decrease and disappear. It is the value of historical understanding, their artistic value and scientific value. It is also mainly reflected in the framework of the history of art and science. That is to say, ancient buildings carry historical information. The value of this information will only become stronger and stronger as time goes by. An ancient building. When it carries a wealth of historical information. Unique. Occupies an important and even indispensable position in the system of all historical information. It can be certified as a heritage building. This means that the decision of whether an ancient building can be a cultural relic building and its position in a large-scale cultural relic building system is not its use value, economic value, but mainly its historical recognition value, that is, its historical materiality. The value of witnessing. As a history book, a Beijing Imperial Palace allows you to read the monarchy of the feudal empire. A Jiangnan village. Let you read the farming civilization under the patriarchal system. They are vivid, concrete, visual, and detailed. They surpass any other history books. This is the basic value of heritage buildings.