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目的调查分析锦江区学龄前儿童视力异常的发生状况及主要影响因素,从而有针对性地开展儿童眼保健工作。方法采取分层整群抽样,对成都市锦江区16所托幼机构3 650名学龄前儿童进行视力检查。同时对儿童家长进行视力异常相关影响因素问卷调查,应用Logistic回归进行危险因素分析。结果完成视力检查和问卷调查的3 603名学龄前儿童中,234例视力异常,视力异常检出率为6.49%。男童和女童视力异常的检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.72)。随着年龄的增加,视力异常检出率逐渐降低(P=0.001)。234例视力异常儿童中,散光113例(48.29%)、远视83例(35.47%)、近视15例(6.41%)、弱视10例(4.27%)。在调整了其他视力相关影响因素对视力的影响后,早产、低出生体重、父母是否重视培养儿童良好用眼习惯、有无散光或近视等视力问题、儿童营养是否均衡、连续用眼超过1 h、看电视距离<3 m和看书时书眼距离<33 cm的频率与视力异常的发生有关。结论父母和托幼机构应加强对儿童视力的保护意识,重视培养儿童养成良好的用眼卫生习惯,预防视力异常的发生。
Objective To investigate and analyze the occurrence and main influencing factors of preschool children ’s visual acuity in Jinjiang District, so as to carry out the eye health care in a targeted manner. Methods By stratified cluster sampling, 3 650 preschool children in 16 nurseries in Jinjiang District of Chengdu were examined for visual acuity. At the same time, children’s parents were investigated by questionnaire about influencing factors of visual acuity abnormalities, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors. Results Of the 3 603 pre-school children who completed visual acuity test and questionnaire survey, 234 cases had abnormal visual acuity and visual acuity was 6.49%. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of visual acuity between boys and girls (P = 0.72). With age, the detection rate of visual acuity decreased gradually (P = 0.001). There were 113 cases (48.29%) of astigmatism, 83 cases (35.47%) of hyperopia, 15 cases (6.41%) of myopia and 10 cases (4.27%) of amblyopia in 234 children with visual acuity. After adjusting for the impact of other vision-related factors on visual acuity, preterm birth, low birth weight, parents pay attention to the development of children with good eye habits, with or without astigmatism or myopia and other visual problems, children’s nutrition is balanced, continuous use of the eye more than 1 h , Watching TV distance <3 m and reading book distance <33 cm frequency and visual acuity related to the occurrence. Conclusion Parents and nurseries should strengthen the awareness of children’s visual acuity and pay attention to cultivating children to develop good eye health habits and prevent the occurrence of abnormal vision.