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特应性疾病免疫遗传学的研究已多年。早期的观察强调家族史并为遗传病因学提供了证据。现从主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)的研究已得到大量免疫遗传学方面的新近知识。开始,MHC的意义仅限于移植,研究MHC的第一个模型是小鼠,现知鸡、大鼠、兔、狗、猪和人均有此系统。人类的移植抗原总称HLA,受位于第6号染色体短臂部分的基因所编码,HLA-A、B、C和D四个位点中,A、B、C用血清学方法鉴定,D以混合淋巴细胞法测定。除HLA抗原外,还已鉴定出另一细胞表面组织相容性同种异型抗原系统,它主要存在于B细胞上,受位于HLA区域内一个
Atopic diseases Immune genetics has been studied for many years. Early observations emphasize family history and provide evidence for genetic etiology. Recent research on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has gained a great deal of recent knowledge in immunological genetics. Initially, the significance of MHC was limited to transplantation. The first model for studying MHC was mouse, which is known to be used in chickens, rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs and humans. Human HLA is encoded by the gene located on the short arm of chromosome 6, A, B, C and D are identified in four loci. A, B and C are identified by serological methods. D is mixed with Lymphocyte assay. In addition to the HLA antigens, another cell-surface, histocompatible alloantigen system has been identified that resides mainly on B cells and is localized in an HLA region