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Construction issues of high-speed rail infrastructures have been increasingly conced worldwide, of which the subgrade settlement in soft soil area becomes a particularly critical problem. Due to the high compressibility and low per-meability of soft soil, the post-construction settlement of the subgrade is extremely difficult to control in these regions, which seriously threatens the operation safety of high-speed trains. In this work, the significant issues of high-speed railway subgrades in soft soil regions are discussed. The theoretical and experi-mental studies on foundation treatment methods for ballasted and ballastless tracks are reviewed. The settlement evolution and the settlement control effect of different treatment methods are highlighted. Control technologies of subgrade differential settlement are subsequently briefly presented. Settlement cal-culation algorithms of foundations reinforced by different treatment methods are discussed in detail. The defects of existing prediction methods and the challenges faced in their practical applications are analyzed. Furthermore, the guidance on future improvement in control theories and technologies of subgrade settlement for high-speed railway lines and the cor-responding challenges are provided.