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为明确不同喷雾参数对农药在甘蓝叶片表面的沉积和药剂生物效果的影响,在自走式喷雾塔内模拟田间喷雾条件,采用正交试验和单因子试验评价了喷头、喷液表面张力、施液量、喷雾压力及喷雾高度5个因子的影响程度及各因子间的相互作用,并采用响应曲面法优化了喷雾参数。结果表明:相较于喷头和喷雾高度,喷液表面张力、施液量和喷雾压力极显著影响农药沉积和药剂生物效果,其中喷液表面张力的影响最大;基于后3个指标以响应曲面法建立的甘蓝叶片表面农药沉积和苏云金芽胞杆菌防治小菜蛾生物效果的回归模型经验证准确有效,相关系数分别为0.9731和0.7790,能够用于预测农药沉积量和药剂生物效果。综合考虑防治甘蓝小菜蛾喷雾作业过程中的实际情况及成本控制,设定和调节目标函数满足单位面积农药沉积量大于4.0μg/cm2,且苏云金芽胞杆菌防治小菜蛾死亡率大于80%,获得苏云金芽胞杆菌防治甘蓝小菜蛾喷雾参数的优选范围为:Silwet-408助剂浓度13.50~44.00 mg/L、喷雾压力0.2~0.6 MPa、施液量300~717.6 L/hm2。
In order to clarify the effect of different spraying parameters on the deposition of pesticides on leaf surface and the biological effects of pesticides, the field spray conditions were simulated in a self-propelled spray tower. The orthogonal test and single factor test were used to evaluate the surface tension, Liquid volume, spray pressure and spray height, and the interaction between various factors. The response parameters were optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the surface tension of spray liquid, the amount of spray liquid and spray pressure significantly affected the pesticide deposition and the biological effect of the spray. The surface tension of jet spray had the greatest impact. Based on the last three indexes, The regression model established on the surface of cabbage leaf pesticides and Bacillus thuringiensis to control the biological effects of Plutella xylostella was validated accurately and effectively with the correlation coefficients of 0.9731 and 0.7790, respectively, which could be used to predict the pesticide deposition and the biological effects of pesticides. Considering the actual situation and cost control in the control of spraying cabbage moth Plutella xylostella, setting and adjusting the objective function to meet the pesticide deposition per unit area of more than 4.0μg / cm2, and Bacillus thuringiensis control mortality of diamondback moth more than 80% The optimum range of Bacillus for controlling Plutella xylostella Spray parameters is: Silwet-408 additive concentration 13.50-44.00 mg / L, spray pressure 0.2-0.6 MPa, liquid volume 300-717.6 L / hm2.