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清中期以后,天下大致太平,战事明显减少,高官大吏多起自科举,而科举之中最重翰林。不仅汉族士 人如此,满蒙汉军旗人士子亦如此。此外,清代一直推行“首崇满洲”的国策。在科举方面,虽然在一甲进士和状元 及第等名义上照顾汉族士子,但真正受皇帝信赖倚重的大臣,仍然是本族士子。在翰林群体中,满洲翰林的地位和 作用远远胜过汉族翰林。这一点在鸦片战争前后活跃于政坛的几位翰林身上便能清晰地反映出来。活跃于当时 政坛的两派阵营中的领军人物皆出自翰林,但较量的结果可想而知。本文利用大量第一手资料,对清道光时期满 汉翰林之分歧较量的过程予以深入剖析,验证了“满重汉轻”的历史事实。
After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the world was generally peaceful with a marked reduction in the number of war crimes. Official officials picked up more from the imperial examinations and the most important imperial examination was Hanlin. So not only Han scholars, Manchu men and men covered the same. In addition, the Qing government has been pursuing the “national policy of first worship of Manchuria.” In the area of the imperial examinations, though the Han scholars were taken care of in the First Class and the First Class and the First Class, the ministers who were truly relied upon by the emperor remained the native scholars. In the Hanlin community, Manchuria Hanlin’s status and role far outweigh the Han Hanlin. This was clearly reflected in several members of the Imperial Academy who were active in politics before and after the Opium War. The leaders of the two camps active in the political arena came from the Hanlin, but the outcome of the contest was predictable. Based on a large amount of first-hand information, this paper analyzes the process of the disagreement over the Han Hanlin during the Qing dynasty, and verifies the historical facts of “Hanqing full.”