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本文研究了TM-1×三裂棉、江苏棉1号×斯特提棉、泗棉2号×Alll 3个种间杂种F_1的主要形态特征及花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体行为。3个种间杂种F_1的花器官性状大多趋向于父本野生棉,如花冠颜色、花心等;营养器官大多趋向于中间型,如叶色、叶形等。杂种F_1均表现高度不育。减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体构型依次为:13.73Ⅰ+12.52Ⅱ+0.03Ⅲ+0.04Ⅳ,28.03Ⅰ+5.38Ⅱ+0.07Ⅲ和33.26Ⅰ+2.87Ⅱ;其染色体组亲和性指数分别为0.9715、0.4192和0.2208。这一结果表明:(1)陆地棉与三裂棉的亲缘关系较近,与斯特提棉的亲缘关系较远,与Alll的亲缘关系更远;(2)泅棉2号×Alll的F_1染色体数为2n=3x=39,其染色体数x=13与棉属相同,其次因Alll原产于澳大利亚,形态上与纳尔逊氏棉、澳洲棉比较接近,因此推测它可能属于棉属的C染色体组种。
In this paper, the main morphological characteristics of F1 hybrids of TM-1 × three-split cotton, Jiangsu cotton No.1 × Stewart cotton, Simian2 × Alll and the chromosome behavior of metaphase Ⅰ in pollen mother cells were studied. The flower organ traits of the three interspecific hybrids F_1 tended to be wild male parents, such as corolla color, rosette, etc. Mostly vegetative organs tended to be intermediate, such as leaf color and leaf shape. Hybrid F1 showed high infertility. The chromosome configuration of metaphase I was 13.73Ⅰ + 12.52Ⅱ + 0.03Ⅲ + 0.04Ⅳ, 28.03Ⅰ + 5.38Ⅱ + 0.07Ⅲ and 33.26Ⅰ + 2.87Ⅱ, respectively. The chromosome index of the meiotic group was 0.9715, 0.4192 and 0.2208. The results showed that: (1) Upland cotton had a close genetic relationship with Tripartite cotton and had a more distant relationship with Stellar cotton, which was more distantly related to Alll. (2) F_1 Chromosome number 2n = 3x = 39, the number of chromosomes x = 13 and cotton the same, followed by Alll native to Australia, morphology and Nelson’s cotton, Australian cotton is relatively close, it is speculated that it may belong to the genus cotton C chromosome Group species.