明嘉靖中期,国内外贸易状况日趋复杂,国内阶级矛盾日益尖锐,倭寇猖獗,海禁与反海禁斗争,错综复杂地交织一起。明统治者把这种状况简单地概括为倭寇问题,从而增加了识别的难度。一为了更好地认识嘉靖中期倭寇的活动及其性质,需要简略地回顾倭寇的发生以及与其相关联的但又必须加以区别的一些基本情况。首先,倭寇(日本称为海寇)起源于元代以前,成长于元军侵日之后,发展壮大于日本的南北朝和战国时期亦即明嘉靖中期以前,而消亡于明万历时期亦即日本丰臣秀吉统一全国之时。明成化、正德时期,出使日本目睹倭寇实况的朝鲜通信使朴瑞生估计,对马、壱岐、北九州及濑户 In the middle of the Ming Jiajing period, the trade situation at home and abroad was becoming increasingly complicated. Contradictions among the domestic armed forces were increasingly acute. Japanese pirates were rampant. The ban on sea trade and the fight against sea-going embargo were complicated and intertwined. The Ming rulers simply summarized this situation as a pirate issue, thereby increasing the difficulty of identification. In order to better understand the activities and nature of the Japanese pirates in the mid-Jiajing period, it is necessary to briefly review the occurrences of the Japanese pirates and some basic information that they must be distinguished from each other. First of all, Japanese pirates originated in the Yuan Dynasty and grew up in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and during the Warring States Period of Ming dynasty before the Ming and Jiajing Dynasties, but died in the Ming Dynasty When Hideyoshi unified the country. During the Ming Dynasty and Masanori period, the DPRK communications that Japan has witnessed the actual situation of Japanese pirates make Pu Ruisheng an estimation that the two countries, such as Ma, Izuchi, Kitakyushu and Seto