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苏联解体以后,为了能最有效地保障公民利益和不同社会群体的权利,俄罗斯政党体系几经变革和发展。纵观俄罗斯政党体系的发展脉络,随着不断推进的政党体制改革以及历届杜马选举,俄罗斯的政党体制经历了从无序到有序、从混乱到稳定的过程。俄罗斯现已形成的“多党并存,一党独大”的政党格局传承了威权主义历史传统,也基本符合俄罗斯目前的基本国情。但是,如何在威权政治与民主政治之间作出权衡,如何引导政党实现现代化,还需要俄罗斯执政当局根据公民的民主政治诉求去构建符合俄罗斯转型期国情的政党体制。
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, in order to be able to most effectively safeguard the interests of citizens and the rights of different social groups, the Russian political party system has undergone many changes and developments. Throughout the development of the system of political parties in Russia, with the continuous reform of the party system and the previous elections of the Duma, the party system in Russia has undergone a process from disorder to order and chaos to stability. Russia has now formed a “multi-party coexistence and one party dominance.” The party structure has inherited the authoritarian historical tradition and basically conforms to Russia’s current basic national conditions. However, how to make a trade-off between authoritarian politics and democratic politics and how to guide the parties to realize their modernization requires the Russian ruling authorities to construct a political party system that is in keeping with the national conditions of Russia in the light of the democratic political demands of citizens.