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自20世纪40年代以来,国际学界关于文化产业社会功能的研究得出了两种不同的结论,即文化产业社会功能的“悲观结论”和“乐观结论”。前者以法兰克福学派为代表,认为文化产业具有精神操纵的功能,扼杀了人们的个性和创造性,在政治上是反动的。后者则以英国文化研究为代表,认为文化产业是从属阶层的抵抗力量与宰制集团的收编力量之间斗争的场所。因此,文化产业提供的产品,是大众生产和流通意义可以“权且利用”的资源,文化产业并未扼杀大众的个性和文化创造力,其政治功能也不是反动的,而是具有进步性的潜能。
Since the 1940s, the study of the social functions of cultural industries by international scholars has come to two different conclusions: the “pessimistic conclusion” and the “optimistic conclusion” of the social functions of cultural industries. The former, represented by the Frankfurt school, believes that the cultural industry has the function of spiritual manipulation, stifles people’s personality and creativity, and is politically reactionary. The latter, represented by British cultural studies, holds that cultural industry is a place where the struggle between subordinate class resistance and the control of the dominationist groups takes place. Therefore, the products provided by the cultural industry are resources that the mass production and circulation can have “rights and utilization.” Cultural industries have not stifled public personality and cultural creativity. Their political functions are not reactionary but progressive Potential.