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目的分析2005-2015年广西壮族自治区河池市疟疾流行特征,为进一步调整和制订该市消除疟疾措施提供科学依据。方法收集2005-2015年河池市11个市、县、区疟疾疫情资料,采用Microsoft Excel 2003和SPSS17.0软件对数据进行统计和分析。结果 2005-2015年河池市共报告疟疾病例160例,年均发病率为0.36/10万,其中本地感染病例占6.25%(10/160),输入性疟疾病例占93.75%(150/160)。4种疟原虫均有发现,以间日疟为主,占51.87%(83/160);恶性疟次之,占34.38%(55/160);三日疟和卵形疟分别占5.00%(8/160)、1.25%(2/160);未分型报告12例,占7.50%。11年间疟疾发病率先降后升,2009年后再无本地疟疾病例报告;2010年报告1例输入性恶性疟死亡病例;2013年和2015年各出现1例恶性疟重症病例;2014年出现1例胎传新生儿间日疟重症病例。全部病例分布于10个市、县、区,以青壮年男性为主,以挖矿职业为主;疟疾发病主要集中在4-8月份;感染自非洲和东南亚者占60.00%(96/160),自国内其他省者占33.75%(54/160)。患者发病到确诊治疗时间中位数为5d,不同年份疟疾病例的发病至诊断治疗时间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=33.40,P<0.05)。结论河池市疟疾疫情仍面临很多挑战,消除疟疾各项工作仍需加强;加强流动人口的疟疾监测管理是巩固疟疾防治成果的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of malaria in Hechi City of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2005 to 2015 and provide a scientific basis for further adjustment and formulation of malaria elimination measures in this city. Methods The malaria epidemic data of 11 cities, counties and districts in Hechi from 2005 to 2015 were collected and the data were statistically analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS17.0 software. Results A total of 160 cases of malaria were reported in Hechi City from 2005 to 2015, with an annual average incidence of 0.36 / 100,000. Among them, 6.25% (10/160) were local cases and 93.75% (150/160) were imported malaria cases. Four species of Plasmodium were found, accounting for 51.87% (83/160), P. falciparum (34.38%), P. malaria and P. ovale accounted for 5.00% 8/160), 1.25% (2/160). There were 12 cases without classification report, accounting for 7.50%. The incidence of malaria dropped first and then increased in 11 years and no local malaria case was reported after 2009; 1 case of imported falciparum malaria was reported in 2010; 1 case of severe falciparum malaria was reported in 2013 and 2015; 1 case occurred in 2014 Newborns with fetal transmission of malaria cases of severe cases. The majority of cases were found in 10 cities, counties and districts, mainly young and middle-aged males, mainly in the mining industry. The incidence of malaria was mainly in April-August. The incidence of malaria in China was 60.00% (96/160) , Accounting for 33.75% (54/160) from other provinces in the country. The median time from diagnosis to treatment was 5 days. The incidence of malaria in different years was significantly different from the diagnosis and treatment (χ ~ 2 = 33.40, P <0.05). Conclusions Hepatitis epidemic situation still faces many challenges in Hechi City. The malaria elimination work still needs to be strengthened. Strengthening malaria monitoring and management of floating population is the key to consolidating the results of malaria control.