一一言以蔽之,由二元论到一元论,由理性主义到抒情主义,从思想史上看就是由宋到明的展开。在明代,以情为中心比以理为中心更突出的理情一致主义、兴趣比技巧更受重视的感兴主义、性情自然比理智规范更受尊重的自然主义、主观比客观更受强调的主观主义、提倡反传统、高喊从传统中解放出来的自由主义,都相当盛行,甚至出现了近代革新思想的萌 In short, from dualism to monism, from rationalism to lyricalism, from the perspective of the history of the mind, it is from Song to Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, sensitivism, which was more conspicuous than empathy and centered more than reason, had more interest than skill, naturalism whose nature was more respected than intellectual norms was more emphasized than objective Subjectivism, advocating anti-tradition, shouting liberal liberation from the tradition, are quite popular, and even appeared in the modern thought of innovation Meng