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调查和分析了上海市郊出现耕作障碍的设施栽培土壤的盐分特征.随着种植年限的增加,设施栽培盐渍化土壤中含盐量表现出先升高后降低的趋势.大棚盐渍化土壤主要以微盐渍土、轻度盐渍土和盐土为主,分别占17.39%、56.52%和13.04%,其中崇明县芦笋大棚土壤的盐渍化程度最高.大棚土壤盐分离子组成中,阳离子以Ca2+和Na+为主,其次为Mg2+;阴离子以NO-3和SO2-4为主,其次为Cl-.施肥方式、种植年限、作物种类和管理水平都会影响盐渍化程度,使得土壤含盐量和盐分离子的变化较大.典型对应分析发现,Ca2+、Mg2+和NO-3含量受种植年限影响较大;长期施用单一肥料会加重土壤次生盐渍化,混施化肥和有机肥的土壤盐渍化程度较低;根据土壤中盐分离子与样方的关系,上海市郊设施栽培土壤可划分为4种类型,每种类型土壤受不同盐分离子的影响,其中以受Ca2+、Mg2+、NO-3和Cl-影响的土壤最多,应重点控制.
The salinity characteristics of the cultivated soils with tillage barriers in suburbs of Shanghai were investigated and analyzed.With the increase of the planting years, the salinity content of the salinized soils in the cultivated cultivation tended to increase firstly and then decrease.The greenhouse salinized soils Slightly saline soil, slightly saline soil and saline soil, accounting for 17.39%, 56.52% and 13.04% respectively, of which the highest degree of salinization was in the soil of asparagus greenhouse in Chongming County.Cons in the soil salt composition of the greenhouse were Ca2 + and Na +, followed by Mg2 +; the anions were mainly NO-3 and SO2-4, followed by Cl-. The fertilization mode, planting period, crop type and management level all affected the degree of salinization, making the soil salinity and salt content The changes of ions were relatively large, and the typical corresponding analysis showed that Ca2 +, Mg2 + and NO-3 content were greatly affected by the planting years. Long-term application of single fertilizer would aggravate the secondary salinization of soil, soil salinization with fertilizers and organic fertilizers According to the relationship between the salt ions in the soil and the quadrat, the cultivated soils in Shanghai suburbs can be divided into four types, each of which is affected by different salt ions, of which Ca2 +, Mg2 +, NO-3 and Cl - Affected soil At most, it should focus on control.