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水、肥、气、热、光是农作物的五大生活因素,它们相互间不可代替,缺一不可,同等重要。水是其中的活跃因素。在土壤中,以水调气,以水调肥,以水调温,促进土壤熟化,改善土壤结构,满足作物生长发育的需要,达到农业高产稳产的目的。因此,农田水分状况与农作物有着十分密切的关系。农田水分存在形式有地面水、土壤水和地下水三种。这三种水分是可以相互转化的。作物根系从土壤中吸取的是土壤水;只有将地面水和地下水转化为土壤水,才能被作物根系吸收利用。土壤孔隙中有空气和水分存在,水气比例失调,就会造成作物生长环境和土壤物理性状变坏,不利于作物生长。各种农田水利工程措施,灌溉或排水降渍,归根结蒂都是为了调节农田水分状况,促使土壤中的水、肥、气、热状况处于协调状态,为作物生长发育创造良好条件。
Water, fertilizer, gas, heat and light are the five major life factors of crops. They are irreplaceable and indispensable. They are equally important. Water is one of the active factors. In the soil, the water is controlled by gas, the fertilizer is adjusted by water, the temperature is adjusted by water, the soil is ripened, the soil structure is improved, the growth and development of crops are met, and the goal of high and stable agriculture is achieved. Therefore, the status of farmland moisture and crops have a very close relationship. There are three types of water in the form of surface water, soil water and groundwater. These three kinds of water can be transformed into each other. Crop roots draw soil water from the soil; only the surface water and groundwater into soil water can be absorbed by the crop roots. There are air and water in the soil pores, and the imbalanced water and gas will cause the crop growth environment and soil physical properties to deteriorate, which is not conducive to crop growth. Various farmland water conservancy project measures, irrigation or drainage of water, in the final analysis are to regulate farmland water conditions, promote soil water, fertilizer, gas and thermal conditions in a coordinated state for the crop growth and development to create good conditions.