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目的：对血液科住院患者中病原微生物检出率进行分析，了解病原菌分布情况，为临床防治提供科学依据。方法对2013－2014年从血液科住院患者中临床分离出的病原菌分布进行回顾性调查分析。结果2303例患者中临床分离出病原菌220株。感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主（47．27％），其次是革兰阳性菌（38．18％）和真菌（14．55％）。在不同的标本中革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性菌、真菌的检出率不一，血培养及痰培养的阳性率较高。结论血液病患者合并感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主，应采取综合性的治疗措施，有效降低医院感染的发生。“,”Objective To analyse the pathogen detection rate and the distribution of pathogens in the hematology department , and provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment. Methods The distribution and isolation of pathogens in our Hematology Department from 2013-2014 were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Results 220 pathogens were isolated in our Hematology Department from 2 303 patients from 2013 to 2014. The main pathogen was Gram-negative bacilli , followed by Gram-positive bacteria, and the proportion was in the rise, and was then followed by fungus. The detection rates of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungus were varies. The detection rates in blood culture and sputum culture were relatively higher. Conclusion Blood disease patients were mainly complicated with Gram-negative bacilli infection , should adopt comprehensive treatment measures to effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.