袁世凯废科举的动因中有个人科考失败的成分,同时救亡图存、改造国民的企图导致其注重教育,也是重要的影响因子。袁世凯推广新式学堂,集中体现在清末新政时期的山东和直隶,尽管民国初年亦有相当进展。在袁世凯兴学问题上需要强调的是,一是解决师资问题,二是提倡务实之风,第三,也是最为值得注意的是袁世凯与学部于1907年所拟的推行教育十条措施。总之,不是教育家的袁世凯凭借自己的权势、识见,废科举、兴新学,为清末近代教育改革做出了积极有益的探索。 Yuan Shih-kai’s motive for abolishing the imperial examinations was an important factor in the failure of one individual’s scientific expedition. At the same time, his attempt to save the nation and transform the nation led to its emphasis on education. Yuan Shikai promoted the new-style schools and concentrated his efforts on Shandong and Zhili in the late Qing New Deal period, although considerable progress was made in the early Republican China. What needs to be emphasized on the issue of Xing’s study is that one is to solve the problem of teachers and the other is to promote the pragmatic style. The third and most noteworthy one is the ten measures proposed by Yuan Shikai and the Department in 1907 to promote education. In short, Yuan Shih-kai, who is not an educator, has made active and beneficial explorations for the educational reform in modern China in the late Qing Dynasty by virtue of his own power, knowledge, abolition of imperial examination and promotion of new science.