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氢气以往被视为惰性气体,只应用于潜水医学,并未受到其他医学学科重视。自从2007年,日本学者发现氢气可以有效地清除自由基,改善大脑的缺血再灌注损伤,自此改变了人们的认知。此后,各国科学家积极开展各种实验以研究氢气的效应。目前,氢气被证实的效应有抗氧化、抗炎、抗凋亡等,有数十种疾病模型和人类疾病用氢气治疗有效,但其治疗疾病的具体机制尚不明确。神经损伤是一种既有药物较难治愈且起效缓慢的疾病,其损伤机制包括过氧化损伤和炎症反应等,目前临床并没有有效的解决办法。越来越多的实验人员将目光转移到氢气生物学效应研究,建立了各类中枢神经损伤或者外周神经损伤模型,用于探讨氢气对神经损伤的保护作用及机制研究。目前,氢气或氢水治疗已应用于多种神经损伤模型,并被证实有保护效应,其中包括大脑的外伤性脑损伤、缺血缺氧损伤、出血后损伤和脊髓的打击伤、钳夹伤、缺血再灌注损伤、外周神经缺损损伤、视神经损伤以及自身免疫性脑脊髓炎等。本文就氢气在神经损伤保护中的研究进展作一综述。
Hydrogen, formerly regarded as an inert gas, is used only in diving medicine and is not valued by other medical disciplines. Since 2007, Japanese scholars have found that hydrogen can effectively eliminate free radicals, improve the brain’s ischemia-reperfusion injury, and change people’s cognition. Since then, scientists from various countries have conducted various experiments to study the effect of hydrogen. At present, hydrogen has been proved to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. There are dozens of disease models and human diseases that are effectively treated with hydrogen. However, the exact mechanism by which hydrogen is treated is unclear. Nerve injury is a disease which is difficult to cure and has a slow onset of action. Its damage mechanism includes peroxisome damage and inflammatory reaction. At present, there is no effective solution in clinical practice. More and more experimenters have turned their attention to the study of hydrogen biological effects and established various types of central nervous injury or peripheral nerve injury models for exploring the protective effect and mechanism of hydrogen on nerve injury. Currently, hydrogen or hydrogen water treatment has been applied to a variety of nerve injury models and has been shown to have protective effects, including traumatic brain injury in the brain, ischemia-hypoxia injury, post-hemorrhagic injury and spinal cord injury, , Ischemia-reperfusion injury, peripheral nerve injury, optic nerve injury, and autoimmune encephalomyelitis. This article reviews the research progress of hydrogen in the protection of nerve injury.