内科会诊医师对神经病患者的评价有其独特之处。每一种神经病的病理生理学和治疗处理,都各有特点。目前对神经病患者手术前后的处理问题,未见广泛报道。本文对实质性神经病和血管性神经病进行综述,重点放在病理生理学评价和手术前后处理。实质性神经病帕金森综合征(Parkinson syndrome,PS)这是内科医师评价术前病人最常遇到的神经病。此病呈缓慢的退行性经过,病理生理学特点是纹状体-黑质神经通路耗竭多巴胺。大多数病例为特发性,但粥样硬化、感染或药物 Medical consultation physicians have their own unique evaluation of neurological patients. The pathophysiology of each neuropathy and treatment have their own characteristics. There is currently no widely reported treatment of neuropathy patients before and after surgery. This review summarizes substantial neuropathies and vascular neuropathies with a focus on pathophysiological evaluation and pre and post surgical treatment. Substantial neuropathy Parkinson syndrome (PS) This is the neurologist’s most commonly encountered neurological condition evaluated by preoperative patients. The disease is slowly degenerative, and the pathophysiology is characterized by the depletion of dopamine by the striatal-nigral neuronal pathway. Most cases are idiopathic, but atherosclerosis, infections or medications