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目的:考察抗肿瘤药致药品不良反应(ADR)发生的特点及规律,以指导临床合理用药。方法:收集2010年1月-2013年6月我院上报的473例抗肿瘤药致ADR报告,从患者的基本情况、涉及药品、给药途径、发生时间、ADR累及器官或系统及临床表现、治疗及转归等方面进行回顾性分析。结果:发生ADR的患者多为40岁以上的中老年人;ADR报告涉及抗肿瘤药8大类,其中顺铂居首位;涉及最多的给药途径为静脉滴注;ADR多发生在给药后1 d以内,累及11个器官或系统类型,以恶心、呕吐等消化道损害为主;多数ADR给予相应处理后能痊愈或好转。结论:临床应用抗肿瘤药时,应加强监护以减少ADR的发生,及时正确地处理以降低其危害,提高用药的安全性。
Objective: To investigate the characteristics and rules of adverse drug reaction (ADR) induced by antitumor drugs in order to guide clinical rational drug use. Methods: A total of 473 anti-tumor drug-induced ADRs reported in our hospital from January 2010 to June 2013 were collected from the basic information of the patients involved in drugs, route of administration, time of onset, organ or systemic and clinical manifestations of ADR, Treatment and prognosis and other aspects of retrospective analysis. Results: Most ADR patients were middle-aged and older than 40 years old. The ADR report was related to 8 categories of antineoplastic agents, of which cisplatin was the top one. The most frequently used route of administration was intravenous drip. Within 1 d, involving 11 organs or system types, with nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal damage-based; the majority of ADR can be cured or improved after appropriate treatment. Conclusion: When clinical application of antineoplastic agents, intensive care should be taken to reduce the incidence of ADR, promptly and properly treated to reduce its harm and improve the safety of medication.