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[目的]研究直播油菜不同播期、种植密度和施肥量的最佳组合,为油菜的高效栽培和四川丘陵区直播油菜生产提供理论依据。[方法]采用三元二次通用旋转组合设计,研究影响直播双低油菜产量的农艺措施,建立双低油菜国豪油8号在四川丘陵区直播种植的高产栽培数学模型,并对8个重要农艺性状与小区产量之间进行通径分析。[结果]在四川丘陵区,直播播期、密度和施肥量对国豪油8号产量均有显著影响,在试验条件下,该品种直播栽培获得产量>2 799 kg/hm2的农艺方案:9月25—30日播种,密度45.0万~52.5万株/hm2,施肥量0~750 kg/hm2。农艺措施增产效应由大到小依次为播期、密度、播期与施肥量、施肥量。8个农艺性状对油菜产量的直接影响由大到小依次为单株有效角果数、主花序有效段长、二次有效分枝数、有效分枝高度、千粒重、株高、根茎粗、一次有效分枝数。[结论]直播油菜的二次有效分枝、根茎粗是影响油菜产量的重要农艺性状,二次有效分枝对产量起直接作用,而根茎粗主要是通过间接作用起到增产效果。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the best combination of different sowing dates, planting densities and fertilizer rates of rapeseed in direct seeding so as to provide theoretical basis for efficient rape cultivation and rapeseed production in Sichuan hilly areas. [Method] The ternary quadratic universal rotation combination design was used to study the agronomic measures that affect the yield of direct seeding double low rape and to establish a high yielding cultivation mathematical model of double low rapeseed Guohao You 8 in direct seeding in Sichuan hilly region. Path analysis between agronomic traits and community yield. [Result] In the hilly area of Sichuan, the sowing date, density and fertilization had a significant effect on the yield of Guohao No. 8. Under the experimental conditions, the agronomic plan of direct sowing of this cultivar with the yield> 2 799 kg / hm2: 9 Month 25-30 sowing, density 450,000 ~ 525,000 / hm2, the amount of fertilizer 0 ~ 750 kg / hm2. The agronomic measures yield increasing effect descending order of sowing date, density, sowing date and fertilizer, fertilizer. The direct effects of eight agronomic traits on rapeseed yield were as follows: effective pod number per plant, effective length of main inflorescence, secondary effective branching, effective branching height, 1000-grain weight, plant height, rhizome thick, Effective number of branches. [Conclusion] The secondary effective branches and rhizomes of direct seeding rape were important agronomic traits affecting the yield of rapeseed. The secondary effective branches had a direct effect on the yield, while the root rhizome mainly increased the yield by indirect effects.