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自然杀伤(natural killer,NK)细胞是一类不需要抗原刺激和抗体参与即能发挥杀伤作用的非T非B类淋巴细胞。子宫内膜和蜕膜中均含有NK细胞,从增生晚期到分泌晚期NK细胞的比例由26.4%上升到83.2%。近年研究表明,母体免疫系统尤其是子宫局部的免疫细胞能否识别并耐受胚胎抗原,直接影响妊娠的建立与维持,而子宫NK细胞参与蜕膜发生及子宫血管的重铸,在正常妊娠中起着十分重要的作用。NK细胞表面表达多种能与主要组织相容性复合物或非主要组织相容性复合物类配体结合的受体,调节自然杀伤细胞的功能、影响妊娠。
Natural killer (NK) cells are a group of non-T non-B lymphocytes that exert a killer effect without antigen stimulation and antibody engagement. NK cells were present in both endometrium and decidua. The proportion of NK cells from the late stage of hyperplasia to the late stage of secretory rose from 26.4% to 83.2%. In recent years, studies have shown that the immune system of the mother, especially the local uterine immune cells can recognize and tolerate embryonic antigen, a direct impact on the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, and uterine NK cells involved in decidualization and recolonization of uterine vessels in normal pregnancy Plays a very important role. NK cell surface expression of a variety of major histocompatibility complex or non-major histocompatibility complex ligand binding receptor, regulating the function of natural killer cells, affecting pregnancy.