近代中国在早期工业化的过程中，由于受到封建官僚 体制的限制和“重农抑商”传统思想的影响，选择了政府干预经济的“政府主导型”发展模式。１９世纪６０年代，洋务派打着自强新政的旗号，创办了一批军事工业，７０年代，又在纺织、矿务和航运等部门兴办了民用工业，清政府在 In the process of early industrialization in modern China, due to the restrictions of the feudal bureaucracy and the traditional thinking of “focusing on agriculture and suppressing commerce,” China chose the “government-led” development model of government intervention in economy. In the 1860s, under the banner of self-reliance and new policy, the Westernization Movement founded a number of military industries. In the 1970s, it also set up civilian industries in the textile, mining and shipping sectors. The Qing government