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保护性耕作技术实质是通过残茬覆盖地表和简化耕作,减少水土流失、培肥地力、保护环境和资源。由于保护性耕作使一定比例(不低于30%)的残茬覆盖于地表,覆盖层起到减少水分蒸发、减缓地表水流速和蓄水的作用。不翻地,土壤中的毛细管保持畅通,团粒结构保持完整,土壤持水和蓄水能力大为增强。在降水量相等的条件下保护性耕作的地块越冬后,土壤含水量比对照田高17.4%。
The essence of conservation tillage technology is to cover the surface and simplify farming by stubble, reduce soil and water loss, fertilize land, and protect the environment and resources. As conservation tillage allows a certain percentage (not less than 30%) of stubble to cover the surface, the cover serves to reduce evaporation of water, slow down the surface water flow rate and store water. Without turning the soil, the capillaries remain unblocked, the aggregate structure remains intact, and the soil’s ability to hold water and retain water is greatly enhanced. After the winter of conservation tillage plots with equal amount of precipitation, the soil moisture content was 17.4% higher than the control plots.