清代皇帝宗庙庙数制度探析

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皇太极改元崇德之际,建立了清朝皇帝宗庙制度,但当时未有明确的庙数观念,将四祖置于祧庙,祧庙不是一室安置一代神主。顺治帝入主北京后,清廷全面承继明代太庙,太庙前殿、中殿、后殿功能仍沿明制,太庙中殿为九室,可容九庙,意味着清代承继了明代的九庙之制。清前期,太庙中殿九室未满,未建立皇帝亲尽毁庙制度。道光帝去世之前,太庙中殿已满七室,道光帝认识到应建立祧庙制度,以恢复天子七庙制度为由,提出自己驾崩后不祔庙,而这种建议违背礼制,根本不可能被执行。穆宗应祔庙时,太庙九室已满,而清代皇帝宗庙世世均不迁祧,不得不仿照奉先殿改制之法,将太庙中殿九室扩展为十七室,清代皇帝的宗庙庙数制度从九庙制度变成了群庙制度。 When Taiji changed the name of Zonta, it established the system of ancestral temples for the Qing emperor, but at that time, there was no clear concept of the temples. The four ancestors were placed in the temples. The temple was not a one-room house of God. After Emperor Shunzhi entered Beijing, the Qing court inherited the imperial temples and temples of the Ming Dynasty in an all-round way. The nave and rear apse function remained unchanged. The nave of the temple was nine rooms and could accommodate nine temples, which meant that the Qing Dynasty inherited the nine Temple system. In the early Qing Dynasty, Ninth Temple of Nirvana Temple was not built up, and the emperor pro-ruin temple system was not established. Before the death of Emperor Daoguang, the temple of the imperial temple was already full of seven rooms. Daoguang Di realized that the temple system should be established. In order to restore the temple system, Impossible to be implemented. Muzong Ying Temple, the temple is full of nine rooms, and the Qing Dynasty emperors and temples are not moved to the world, had to imitate Fengxiandian restructuring of the Ninth Temple of the Temple of Ninth expansion of 17 rooms, the Qing Dynasty ancestral temple Temple system from nine temple system into a temple system.
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