血管周围间隙(Perivascular space,PVS)是软脑膜内陷在脑穿支小血管周围(不包括毛细血管)而形成的介于两层软脑膜之间的间隙,其间充满组织液。正常PVS的直径一般小于2mm,存在于几乎所有健康成年人,而PVS的直径增大超过2mm,则与多种神经系统疾病相关。本文就PVS的形成机制、影像学特点及其与神经系统疾病的关系作了阐述,这将对研究一系列神经系统疾病的发病机制和治疗方法有所助益。 Perivascular space (PVS) is a space between two layers of pia mater which is formed by perineal membrane invaginated around the perforating branch of small vessels (not including capillaries), filled with interstitial fluid. Normal PVS is typically less than 2 mm in diameter and is present in almost all healthy adults, while PVS increases in diameter by more than 2 mm and is associated with a variety of neurological disorders. This article describes the formation mechanism of PVS, imaging features and its relationship with the nervous system diseases, which will be helpful for studying a series of neurological diseases pathogenesis and treatment methods.