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以济麦22和山农23号为试验材料,利用标准发芽试验法对不同年份小麦种子发育过程中的种子活力变化进行研究,分析环境温度对不同发育时期小麦种子活力变化的影响,为早期小麦种子的利用及高活力种子的生产提供参考依据.结果表明:伴随着小麦种子发育,鲜种子在花后26 d左右出现发芽能力,之后其发芽率整体呈上升趋势;干种子发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数在花后5~8 d迅速升高,之后保持相对稳定,活力指数主要受到幼苗单株干质量的影响而持续升高,一般在完熟前4~6 d达到最大值;不同发育时期小麦干种子的田间种植及其后代种子的活力测定表明,济麦22花后17 d以后的干种子田间出苗较好,并可成穗结实,其后代种子的发芽率和活力指数在不同样品间无显著差异.环境温度对不同发育时期小麦种子活力变化的影响显著,小麦花后日平均温度均值、日最高气温均值以及日最低气温均值均高,且花后日温差均值大的年份,种子发育时间短、百粒重及种子活力达到最大值的时间较早;反之,发育时间较长、百粒重及种子活力达到最大值的时间较晚,但完熟期积温高,种子活力较高.
The effects of ambient temperature on the seed vigor of wheat during different developmental stages were analyzed by using standard germination test method with the test of the changes of seed vigor during wheat seed development in different years. Seed utilization and high-vigor seed production.The results showed that with the development of wheat seeds, the germination capacity of fresh seeds appeared about 26 days after anthesis, and the germination rate of the fresh seeds showed an overall upward trend. The germination potential and germination rate And germination index rose rapidly from 5 to 8 days after anthesis, and then remained relatively stable. The vitality index continued to increase mainly due to the dry weight of seedling plants, and reached the maximum value 4 to 6 days before maturity. At different developmental stages The field planting of wheat dry seeds and the seed vigor determination of their descendants showed that the dry seeds of Jimai 22 after 17 d after flowering appeared better sprouts and spikelets and the germination percentage and viability index of their progenies were higher in different samples No significant difference.Under ambient temperature had significant effect on the dynamic changes of wheat seed at different developmental stages, the average daily mean daily temperature and mean daily maximum air temperature of wheat The average daily mean minimum air temperature and the mean daily temperature difference after anthesis were high, the seed development time was short, and the seed weight and seed vigor reached the maximum earlier; on the contrary, the development time was longer, the seed weight and seed vigor reached The maximum time is late, but the maturity of the high temperature, high seed vigor.