全球 5岁以下儿童死亡者中 ,大多由传染病所致。许多传染病可用疫苗预防。新疫苗的研制固然重要 ,但更重要的是将疫苗接种于最需要的发展中国家儿童。往往在发达国家使用新疫苗多年后 ,发展中国家才有可能普遍接种 ,两者之间的差距正在扩大。本文对发达国家和发展中国家的疫苗研究和使用的现状和前景作了综述 ,并对未来疫苗策略进行了评价 Most of the deaths of children under the age of 5 are caused by infectious diseases. Many infectious diseases can be vaccinated against. The development of new vaccines is important, but more importantly vaccination is inoculated in the most needed children in developing countries. After many years of using the new vaccine in developed countries, developing countries generally have the possibility of universal inoculation, and the gap between the two is widening. This article reviews the current status and prospects of vaccine research and use in both developed and developing countries and evaluates future vaccine strategies