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目的了解北京市丰台区手足口病重症病例的流行病学特征、临床症状及病原分布。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2010—2015年丰台区手足口病重症病例进行流行病学分析。结果 2010—2015年丰台区共报告手足口病重症病例179例,占手足口病病例总数的0.62%,其中死亡1例,病死率为0.56%。6年间手足口病发病率、重症率2010年均最高,其他年份虽有波动,但总体呈下降趋势,发病率在丙类传染病排名中一直居于第2位。重症病例发病高峰集中在5—8月,以1~5岁散居儿童和托幼儿童为主,地区分布主要集中在外来人口和小商品市场聚集地。临床特征以发热、皮疹为主,71.50%的重症病例伴有2个及以上系统并发症,其中69.27%的病例出现神经系统症状。检出病原主要为肠道病毒71型(EV71),占20.67%,其他肠道病毒阳性检出率呈逐年上升趋势(P<0.01)。结论丰台区手足口病重症病例发病人数逐年下降,检出病原中其他肠道病毒所占比例呈上升趋势。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms and pathogen distribution of HFMD in Fengtai District of Beijing. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiology of HFMD cases in Fengtai District during 2010-2015. Results A total of 179 HFMD cases were reported in Fengtai District from 2010 to 2015, accounting for 0.62% of the total number of HFMD cases, including 1 death and a case fatality rate of 0.56%. The incidence of HFMD in six years was the highest in 2010, and fluctuated in other years. However, the overall incidence of HFMD was declining. The incidence of HFMD was always ranked No. 2 in the rank of C infectious diseases. The peak incidence of severe cases concentrated in May-August, to 1 to 5-year-old diaspora and child care-based children, the regional distribution mainly in the concentration of migrants and commodity markets. The main clinical features were fever and rash. 71.50% of severe cases were accompanied by 2 or more systemic complications, of which 69.27% had neurological symptoms. The main pathogens detected were enterovirus 71 (EV71), accounting for 20.67%. The positive rates of other enterovirus viruses were increasing year by year (P <0.01). Conclusion The incidence of HFMD cases in Fengtai District has been declining year by year. The proportion of other enteroviruses detected in the pathogens is on the rise.