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目的探讨密闭空间作业场所职业中毒事故的原因,提出控制预防职业中毒的措施与对策。方法采用事故后的流行病学调查方法,对湛江市2003—2012年间发生的10起密闭空间作业场所职业中毒事故进行调查分析。结果湛江市2003—2012年发生的密闭空间作业场所职业中毒事故10起,28人中毒,死亡8人,死亡率28.57%。事故主要发生在船舶、水产和采矿等行业。引起职业中毒的毒物品种主要是窒息性气体、刺激性气体和有机溶剂。中毒原因主要是缺乏监管制度、无有效的防护用品、缺乏职业病防护知识教育等。结论严格执行《密闭空间作业职业病危害防护规范》的有关规定,建立制度、落实职责、采取职业病危害防护的综合控制措施,消除或控制密闭空间作业场所的职业病危害因素,是防止职业中毒的有效对策。
Objective To explore the causes of occupational poisoning in confined space workplaces and to put forward measures and countermeasures to control occupational poisoning. Methods The post-accident epidemiological investigation method was used to investigate the occupational poisoning accidents in 10 closed-space workplaces that occurred in Zhanjiang during 2003-2012. Results There were 10 occupational poisoning accidents in confined space in Zhanjiang City from 2003 to 2012, 28 were poisoned and 8 were dead with a mortality rate of 28.57%. The accident occurred mainly in ships, aquatic products and mining industries. Poisonous species causing occupational poisoning are mainly asphyxiant gases, irritating gases and organic solvents. The main causes of poisoning is the lack of regulatory system, no effective protective equipment, lack of knowledge of occupational disease protection education. Conclusion It is an effective countermeasure to prevent occupational poisoning that strict implementation of the relevant provisions of “Code of Occupational Hazards Protection in Confined Space Operations”, establishment of systems, implementation of duties, adoption of comprehensive control measures for occupational hazard protection and elimination or control of occupational hazards in confined space workplaces .