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目的描述安徽省狂犬病监测门诊暴露人群流行病学特征、暴露后处理情况及主要宿主动物免疫和带病毒状况,为狂犬病防治措施提供理论依据。方法收集2005—2012年安徽省5个狂犬病监测点的监测数据进行统计分析。结果暴露人群呈逐年上升趋势,且男性多于女性;Ⅱ、Ⅲ级是主要的暴露级别;81.8%的暴露人群选择门诊处理伤口,88.9%的暴露人群选择门诊全程免疫接种,但注射狂犬病被动免疫制剂的人群仅为3.2%;犬类和猫类的免疫率较低,分别为3.2%和0.1%,自2008年开始犬带病毒率呈逐年增加趋势。结论安徽省狂犬病防控策略应为加强暴露人群正确处理伤口,提高免疫接种的比率,特别是Ⅲ级暴露后使用被动免疫制剂率;同时加强对犬类的管理,减少人群暴露的发生。
Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of exposed population, post-exposure treatment and the host animal immunization and virus-infected status in rabies surveillance clinics in Anhui Province, and provide a theoretical basis for rabies prevention and control measures. Methods The data collected from five rabies surveillance sites in Anhui Province from 2005 to 2012 were collected for statistical analysis. The results revealed that the population showed an upward trend year by year, and there were more males than females. The main exposure levels were Grade II and III. Outpatients were treated by 81.8% of the exposed groups, while 88.9% of the exposed groups were selected for outpatient immunization. Passive rabies immunization The rate of dogs and cats was 3.2% and 0.1% respectively. Since 2008, the rate of canine virus has been increasing year by year. Conclusion The rabies prevention and control strategy in Anhui Province should be to strengthen the treatment of wounds correctly and improve the immunization coverage in exposed population, especially the rate of passive immunization after grade Ⅲ exposure. At the same time, it should strengthen the management of dogs and reduce the population exposure.