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目的揭示中国东西部汉族大学生体质差异变化特征。方法应用文献资料法和加权平均值数理统计法,将1985年和2010年两次中国学生体质与健康调研东部和西部汉族大学生体质数据进行统计和对比分析。结果此两个时期,东部大学生身高、体重及东部城男大学生胸围高于西部大学生,差异具有统计学意义;东部大学生肺活量优于西部大学生。东、西部大学生身高、体重及城女胸围均增加,且东部增幅大于西部,男大学生胸围均减小且东部减幅小于西部,东部乡村女大学生胸围增加而西部减小;所有大学生肺活量、50米跑、耐力跑和引体向上呈下降趋势,东部下降幅度和速度高于西部;立定跳远和仰卧起坐呈提高趋势,西部立定跳远提高幅度和速度高于东部,而仰卧起低于东部。结论东部大学生身体形态、身体机能优于西部大学生且呈拉大趋势,而身体素质差距呈缩小趋势,并且西部大学生部分身体素质逐步反超东部大学生。
Objective To reveal the changing characteristics of physical differences among Han college students in eastern and western China. Methods The literature data method and weighted average mathematical statistics method were used to make statistics and comparative analysis on the constitution data of Chinese college students in eastern and western China from 1985 to 2010. Results The height and weight of eastern college students and the bust of eastern male college students were higher than those of western college students in these two periods. The difference was statistically significant. The eastern students’ lung capacity was better than western college students. The height and weight of urban and rural students in the eastern and western regions increased, while the eastern region increased more than the western region. The bust of male students decreased and the eastern region decreased less than the western region. The bust of female college students in eastern region increased and the western region decreased. Running, endurance run and pull-ups showed a downward trend. The eastern part of the mountain ranged faster and slower than the western part. The long-jump and sit-ups showed a rising trend. The western part of the long jump range increased faster and faster than the eastern part, while the supine position was lower than the eastern part. Conclusion The body shape and body function of college students in the eastern part of our country are better than those of the western students. And the gap between the students’ fitness and the college students is decreasing. And part of the physical fitness of the college students in the western part of the world is gradually overtaking the eastern college students.