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光纤的传输损耗和色散是限制光纤通信中传输距离的主要因素。而色散又是限制光纤通信系统传输带宽的决定性因素,因为色散使在光纤中传输的光脉冲随着传输距离的增加而展宽。在单模光纤中,脉冲展宽主要起源于折射率随波长变化所引起的模内材料色散和单个模的群速度随频率略有变化所导致的波导色散。因此单模光纤的总色散,或者说波长色散或色度色散,主要就包括这两部分。单模光纤色散的测量对于研究单模光纤的传输特性,控制和改进预制件的质量;监测单模光纤通信系统的性能具有很大的理论意义和实用价值。本文主要介绍国内外单模光纤色散测量的各种方法及其特点。
Transmission loss and dispersion of optical fiber is the main factor that limits the transmission distance in optical fiber communication. Dispersion, on the other hand, is also a decisive factor in limiting the transmission bandwidth of an optical fiber communication system because dispersion reduces the amount of light pulses transmitted in the optical fiber as the transmission distance increases. In single-mode fiber, the pulse broadening mainly originated from the waveguide dispersion caused by the dispersion of the in-mold material due to the change of the refractive index with the wavelength and the slight change of the group velocity of the single mode with the frequency. Therefore, the total dispersion of single-mode optical fiber, or wavelength dispersion or chromatic dispersion, mainly include these two parts. The measurement of single-mode optical fiber dispersion has great theoretical and practical value for studying the transmission characteristics of single-mode optical fiber, controlling and improving the quality of prefabricated parts and monitoring the performance of single-mode optical fiber communication system. This article mainly introduces various methods and characteristics of single-mode fiber dispersion measurement at home and abroad.