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目的系统分析中国空间站水回收系统研制所需要的关键技术。方法依据任务需求,采用系统总体设计方法,综合分析俄罗斯和美国空间站水回收系统构架特点,并概要提出我国空间站水回收系统的特点及技术研究的重点。结果我国空间站水回收系统的关键技术主要是冷凝水处理技术和尿蒸馏技术,水回收系统关键技术研究应当特别重视冷凝水处理技术的中温催化氧化的能耗问题、尿蒸馏技术的VCD技术和膜蒸馏技术难题以及微生物污染问题。结论在关键技术分析的基础上,冷凝水净化装置和尿蒸馏装置原理样机的研制已经完成且满足设计要求。我国空间站水回收系统仍存在一些技术难题有待后续研究解决。
Objective To systematically analyze the key technologies required for the development of China’s space station water recovery system. Methods Based on the mission requirements, the overall design method of the system was used to analyze the characteristics of the water recycling system in Russian and American space stations. The characteristics of the water recycling system in China and the key points of the technology research were summarized. Results The key technologies of China’s space station water recovery system are condensate water treatment technology and urine distillation technology. The key technologies of water recovery system should pay special attention to the energy consumption of condensate water treatment technology at medium temperature catalytic oxidation, VCD technology of urine distillation and membrane Distillation technology problems and microbial contamination problems. Conclusions Based on the key technical analysis, the development of the principle prototype of the condensate purification device and the urine distillation device has been completed and meets the design requirements. China’s space station water recovery system there are still some technical problems to be studied and solved later.